Many rock formations showing various stages in the geological development of our world can be found at Koli, making it noteworthy on a world scale. The rocks of the area reveal movements of continental plates, formation of mountain ranges, and the effects of erosion. Traces of ancient deserts, oceans, mountain ranges and continental glaciers can all be found here.

Koli’s name on an old map from 1650s was Mustarinda, a name also applied to bears. Traditionally in the old hunting culture the word "bear" was sacred, with abundant "figures" and symbols. At the top of Ukko-Koli there is a bear’s head rock weighing many tons, looking out over Lake Pielinen.

A local religious reformer is known to have used violent methods in his conversions during the 1750s. Fables tell of his struggles with the naturist wizards and wise men of the area, and how he finally destroyed their sacred places.